Browsing by Author "Abanto-Rodríguez, Carlos"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Emergence, growth, and quality of Calycophyllum spruceanum plants produced in different containers and substrates.
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024-12) Guerra-Arévalo, Wilson Francisco; Cercado-Delgado, José Roy; Espinoza-García, Héctor Francisco; Ucañay-Ayllon, Tatiana Mildred; García Soria, Diego; Abanto-Rodríguez, Carlos; Del Castillo-Torres, Dennis; Freitas-Alvarado, Luis Ernesto; Díaz-Soria, Rossana; Guerra-Arévalo, Héctor
The growing demand for Calycophyllum spruceanum is causing strong pressure on natural populations due to anthropogenic activities. For this reason, it is urgent to develop propagation technologies and production of plants for reforestation activities and establishment of forest plantations for their use and conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different substrates and containers on the emergence and growth of C. spruceanum. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted. In the first, four substrates were tested to evaluate seedling emergence, while in the second, the growth and quality of plants in different containers and substrates were determined. The maximum emergence values of 62.3%, emergency speed index (ESI) of 2.2, and mean emergence time of 29.9 were determined using a combination of carbonized rice husk (CRH), chicken manure, and decomposed sawdust in a 1:1:1 ratio. The combination of the plastic bag container with CRH and poultry manure in a 1:1 ratio. Substrate gave the best results for total dry biomass (27.40), lignification index (0.19), robustness index (5.56), and Dickson’s quality index (3.26). Therefore, the use of CRH, poultry manure, and decomposed sawdust in a 1:1:1 ratio is recommended for seedling emergence. Similarly, the use of a plastic bag-type container and the substrate CRH and chicken manure in a 1:1 ratio is recommended for the production of C. spruceanum plants.
Increased Production of Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) by Edaphoclimatic Variation in the Altitudinal Gradient of the Peruvian Andes.
(MDPI, 2023-02) Murga-Orrillo, Hipolito; obo, Francisco De Almeida; Santos Silva Amorim, Ricardo; Fernandes Silva, Dionisio Luiz; Nuñez Bustamante, Ever; Chu Koo, Fred William; Arévalo-López, Luis Alberto; Arévalo-Hernández, César Oswaldo; Abanto-Rodríguez, Carlos
Abstract: Tara production occurs mainly in the altitude gradient, where the edaphoclimatic conditions that affect the production of pods still need to be understood. The goal was to determine the altitudinal and edaphoclimatic effect on the production of tara pods in agroforestry and natural remnants in Cajamarca, Peru. Data analyses performed were the following: principal component analysis (PCA), regression analysis, the bootstrap method, and Pearson correlation analysis. For each 1 ◦C increase in temperature, the length and width of the pod decreased by 2.1 and 0.62 mm, and of the seed by 0.17 and 0.12 mm in the agroforestry environment; likewise, pod, valve, seed and gum weights were reduced by 23.9, 10.9, 13 and 2.3 g in the agroforestry environment, and 22.3, 13, 9.3 and 2.1 g in the natural environment. Activities such as association with annual crops and perennial pasture possibly favor the length and width of the pod and seed and the weight of the pod, valve, seed and gum in the agroforestry environment when compared to the natural environment. Larger pod and seed dimensions and higher pod, valve, seed and gum weights are related to higher soil CaCO3 contents in the natural environment and higher soil P and B contents in the agroforestry environment at higher altitudes. Higher Fe contents in the soil suggest an improvement in tara’s tannin weight (valve) in the natural and agroforestry environment. The effective response of tara, reflected in its weight and size of pods, was higher in an agroforestry environment than in a natural environment. Further studies on the production of tara pods are necessary for a better understanding of the interaction between altitude and soil fertility to expand the revenue and employment of Peruvian tara farmers.
Influência da cobertura morta na evapotranspiração, coeficiente de cultivo e eficiência de uso de água do milho cultivado em cerrado.
(Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2016-08) Murga-Orrillo, Hipolito; Farias Araújo, Wellington; Abanto-Rodríguez, Carlos; Tadashi Sakazaki, Roberto; Bardales-Lozano, Ricardo Manuel; Polo-Vargas, Ana Rosa
A irrigação consome grande quantidade de água, sendo importante um adequado manejo da cultura para minimizar esse consumo, maximizando a produção. No intuito de obter informações para o manejo da irrigação, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho determinar a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), o coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) e a eficiência do uso de água (EUAg) da cultura de milho, em solo com e sem cobertura, durante os diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, utilizando lisímetros de drenagem. O experimento foi conduzido no campus Cauamé da Universidade Federal de Roraima, entre 19/04/2014 e 07/08/2014, em Boa Vista, RR. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foi estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith FAO. Os resultados da ETc do milho, durante o ciclo da cultura, em solo sem e com cobertura foram de 421,5 e 351,0 mm, respectivamente. As médias diárias de ETc foram de 4,1 mm dia1 para solo sem cobertura e 3,4 mm dia-1 para solo com cobertura. A cobertura do solo propiciou valores diferentes de Kc's para o milho, nos mesmos estádios, em comparação aos Kc’s do solo descoberto. Para o solo descoberto, os Kc’s observados para os estádios fenológicos I, II, III, e IV, foram de 0,40; 0,84; 1,59 e 0,81, respectivamente. Já para solo com cobertura, os Kc’s pelos mesmos estádios em menção foram 0,28; 0,64; 1,49 e 0,48, respectivamente. A EUAg para solo com cobertura foi 1,77 kg m-3 e para solo sem cobertura foi 1,65 kg m-3. Estes resultados mostram que a cobertura morta no solo influenciou no consumo hídrico do milho durante todo seu ciclo.
Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) in Natural and Agroforestry Systems under an Altitudinal Gradient in the Peruvian Andes: Responses to Soil and Climate Variation.
(MDPI, 2023-01) Murga-Orrillo, Hipolito; Abanto-Rodríguez, Carlos; Fernandes Silva, Dionisio Luiz; Chu Koo, Fred William; Schwartz, Gustavo; E.; Nuñez Bustamante, Ever; Stewart, Paul Michael; Silva Amorim, Ricardo Santos; Vourlitis, George Louis; de Almeida Lobo, Francisco
Abstract: This research examined how edaphoclimatic variations are related to dendrometric variables of the Tara tree in natural and agroforestry systems in Cajamarca, Peru. Evaluations followed three approaches: (a) principal components analysis (PCA) with environmental factors and altitude classes with 1 ◦C of temperature variation for edaphic and dendrometric variables; (b) evaluation of possible differences by the bootstrap method for the different variables in the PCAs; and (c) correlation analysis between plant density, plant and crown height, stem and crown diameter, and the number of stem branches with the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and with air temperature. In the altitudinal gradient from 2021 to 3007 ± 7 m, the temperature ranged from 19.8 to 13.4 ± 0.4 ◦C; the soils possessed alkaline pH, high organic matter (OM), K and CEC, lower contents of CaCO3, N, P, K, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. The soil properties with the most significant contribution to PCAs were OM, CEC, N content, and sand, with no variation among environments but among altitudes. None of the dendrometric variables varied as a function of altitude and temperature in PCAs run in the natural environment. However, in the agroforestry environment, there was a greater crown diameter, and tree and crown height in the 2185 m altitude class associated with Medicago sativa. In contrast, the opposite behavior was found in these variables and in the altitude class 2798 m associated with low Fe content, and already in the altitude class at 3007 m, a larger stem diameter is associated with higher levels of CaCO3 . The anthropic effect on the agroforestry environment did not significantly alter the soil’s CEC, OM, N, and sand. Tara’s crown diameter and tree height appeared higher in agroforestry environments. The variations of Fe and CaCO3 in the soil might have influence on the development of Tara individuals in natural and agroforestry environments. It is important to carry out further studies for a better understanding of the relationship between the production of Tara pods and soil fertility in altitudinal variation, aiming to improve the income and employment of family farmers who exploit Tara in the Peruvian Andes.